Buy powder in 8 lb jugs. Stick with a core group of powders and keep large supplies of all of them. Only go outside the core group if you've got a finicky rifle.

Speaking of H4831, I bought an 8 lb jug of one of the notoriously 'slow' lots a few years ago. You can't cram enough of that powder in a case to get the velocity. Tried a max load with 180 gr bullets in my 06 a couple years ago and couldn't get 2500 FPS. I only use it in one of my 300 win mags because it loves that powder but I'm using a load that would make Hodgdon's lawyers faint. 😀