I'm gonna go ahead and throw in that last paragraph for later discussions......
"Studies show that 4% to 49% of female deer disperse from their birth site, with typical rates hovering around 13% to 20%. Dispersal depends highly on habitat and population density; when female deer do disperse, they typically establish a new home range several miles away.
Proximate influences on female dispersal in white-tailed deer are primarily driven by localized social pressures and physical landscape barriers rather than the mate-competition or inbreeding factors that affect males. Dispersal predominantly occurs at 1 year of age and is triggered during the fawning season when pregnant adult females become highly territorial and aggressively exclude subordinate yearlings. The primary proximate trigger for young females (yearlings) is displacement by their mothers, who isolate themselves to give birth. This density-dependent social exclusion pushes subordinate yearlings out of the natal range. During the fawning season, over 50% of yearling females make temporary exploratory forays outside their home range prior to permanent dispersal.
Unlike male movements, which are often oriented by open terrain and agriculture, female dispersal paths are strongly dictated by physical barriers. Natural features like rivers and human-altered landscapes (e.g., roadways and residential areas) shape the directionality of their paths and often dictate where dispersal terminates."
