Summary based on what I was able to skim through in 5 min at lunch, one study shows that roughly 18-20% of bucks in the study succumbed to a mortality cause other than a bullet or broadhead with doe natural mortality be nominal compared to bucks . The other study showed that deer dont like human pressure. With that said, it showed that does are more tolerant of it than bucks, and mature bucks especially, move more when it is dark and/or when humans are not present.
That explains some of the the loss of those 2.5 -3.5 yr old bucks
Would those loses be from breeding stress or multiple reasons
