Lots of folks have asked me through the years how long to wait to spray chufas and how much of what to use. My dad first grew chufas in the 60s and I helped him grow them for over 30 years. But understand, he was the boss and I was manual labor. He never used any herbicide except Treflan, and he moved the patches around to keep the weed problem from getting too bad. He passed away in 2000 and I had to start growing them alone if I wanted any

I tried Treflan the first year and was not happy with the results, so I started trying other herbicides. There isn't much research done on chufas that I'm aware of; the research money goes into ways to limit hunting. So sharing our own experience is probably the best way chufa growers can improve the process. I tried some really off the wall herbicides with mixed results, and then made some real progress after talking with Dr. Youngblood from Selma. He had found that Milestone was great for broadleaf weeds in chufas, and after about a decade of experimenting, I use it as the one broadleaf herbicide. I've tried mixing it with other things, but I use it alone now.

There are a lot of grass herbicides that will work fine, but Clethodim is usually the cheapest, so I have stuck with it for years now. The mixture of Milestone and Clethodim works well enough as an over the top application that I quit using a PRE at all. Let me emphasize that is primarily due to my laziness and thriftiness; it is a good thing to use a PRE and you will have fewer weeds if you use one. It isn't my goal to make maximum yield, but to produce the most efficient yield. With the new regulations that is going to be even more important for me.

So that's the background to the story for those who might be new around here. Though most of my chufas are in another county, I decided 5 years ago to make a demonstration chufa plot about 200 yards from my house. The plot is a measured .25 acre, so it's very small and the soil is not very good. I wanted to see if I could grow enough chufas on it to be of any real benefit to the relatively small local turkey population. I believe that it has been, but it's also been a plot that I can monitor daily and I have learned a lot from the project. In the 4 previous seasons, I've made 2 bumper crops, one that was average, and one that was poor due to lack of rain. The current crop has the chance to be good if it will keep raining.

I have tried to regenerate the plot each year by repeated discing. I don't know if Dr. Youngblood conceived this idea, but he wrote about it in a book published in the 90s. I can tell you that it works, and once you make a decent crop you can regenerate it each year by discing instead of new seed. That saves money, but it also keeps the chufas available for the turkeys. I made a nice crop in the field last year, and turkeys started feeding in it last August and continued through the winter. The following is what I've done to it since then.

Around the first of March, the ground had gotten hard and I wasn't seeing much activity. I ran the disc over 1/3 of the field, not cutting deeply but just enough to loosen the surface. Turkeys started back to using the disced areas, and over the next 3 months I disced all of the field at least 2 times. The soil had warmed enough by the first of April that young chufa plants started sprouting. That is what you want to see, and it doesn't hurt a thing to disc them under ; they will sprout right back. Dr. Youngblood believed that it actually makes the final plant stronger if you disced them under a couple of times before finally letting them grow.

Of course, you don't have to disc in strips the way I did. On my larger fields I try to disc once the first of April, once the first of May, and the final time in June. I don't want the young plants to get over about 3" tall before turning them under. I can't prove it, but it seems like it could take too much energy out of the tubers if you let the plants get too big. I had a good stand of 3" tall chufas on June 2. On that day, I put out 2 bags 13-13-13 and 9 sacks of pelletized lime. Remember that the patch is only 1/4 acre so that equals 400 lbs of T13 and 36 bags of lime per acre. It wasn't essential to do this, but I also added 15 lbs of seed at this time. There were a few gaps in the regenerated plants and with such a small field I wanted every bit of it to be growing chufas. I disced it all in and made the field as smooth as possible.

On June 13, which was 11 days later, it looked like this:



There was a good stand up due to some nice rain. Last year I had to put a scarecrow in the field to try to keep the turkeys from digging up the chufas, but I didn't see too much of that this year. Loss of chufas to turkeys and varmints was another reason that I added the extra seed. They can really damage such a small field.

On July 4, the field looked like this and was ready to be sprayed:



There is an excellent stand of chufas, but it also has grass and morning glories that would soon get out of hand. An ATV with a 25 gallon sprayer is great for spraying chufas, but I don't have access to one here. Instead, I used my golf cart with a 15 gallon sprayer. It looks like this:

squirtle wallpaper

The sprayer covers a path 14' wide, so I put markers 14' apart at each end of the field and to keep myself straight and timed each pass with my watch. I took 50 seconds to make each pass and I ran out of water just as I finished. I put only 8 gallons of water into the sprayer and added 4 oz of 80/20 surfactant, .5 oz of Milestone, and 2.5 oz Clethodim. That is a rate of 2 oz of Milestone and 10 oz of Clethodim per acre, and those are the rates I have settled on. You might get away with using a little more Milestone if you have a serious broadleaf problem, but more Clethodim is likely to damage the chufas.

I will post more pictures as the year goes along, and I only post this for educational purposes for all of us. Feel free to disagree with me on any point and post your pics and experience, especially if different from mine.

Thanks Mr. Steve for letting us benefit from your experience.

Thank you, sir. I always appreciate your posts.

I can tell you guy's that are new to growing chufa, follow the advice above! Mr. Steve has been a huge part in teaching me how to grow chufa. The only thing I have done different is I plant mine in rows. I'm lucky to have access to a planter, therefore I take advantage of being able to use it. I have learned it is personally easier for me to keep the weeds in check and I do not damage many chufa plants due to driving between the rows.. I have also seen great yields planting in rows.

Squeaky, when you say you plant with a planter, do you mean planter or drill?

I plant with a two row planter on 30" row spacing. I have planted them with a drill on 7.5 row spacing several years ago and they did fine. They are a little thick for my liking on a larger area. A smaller plot on 7.5" row spacing would work nicely I do believe. I need to do a little experiment on some small plots since I own a land pride no till drill. I might do that next year and see how it works out.

Thanks Squeaky, and I agree that it is better to plant them in rows, and especially in larger plots. I used a planter several years but my biggest problem was that the planter was junk and I spent more time working on it than I did planting. If you are willing to plow them a couple of times, you can grow chufas without herbicides in some fields. Covington actually makes a chufa plate, and that is ideal if you have the equipment.

I sprayed the little plot on Monday and this is what it looks like 48 hrs later. The morning glories are already dying and the grass has some brown places on it. There is also a few brown spots on the chufas, that I think is damage from the Clethodim. I don't think it will hurt it, but I think that shows there is a very narrow window on the Clethodim as to how much to use. Not enough doesn't kill the grass and just a little too much will damage the chufas.

You can also see the damage from the cart tires. Most of the plants that were run over are going to die, but that isn't as big a deal as one might think. The chufas should spread out and fill in the tire tracks as they get bigger. The only thing I should have left to do is to add a bag of ammonium nitrate in the next few days. One bag on this plot will be a rate of 200 lbs per acre and should be about right. If we get a little more rain, there will be turkeys digging up tubers in just a few weeks. They are already using it; I ran 2 hens and their poults out of it yesterday.

Thank you for this excellent write up.

I have a plot on a power line that was planted last year. Decent stand but is yellow. Would it be beneficial to spray and fertilize ? Also, are you tank mixing the Milestone and Clethodim ?

I have always used a planter to plant them and the ability to ease a cultivator thru them is nice. Florida pussley is my biggest nemesis and I get the field ready to plant and let it all sprout and then spray with roundup. I come back in with planter as soon as it starts dying and plant. I have always had good luck with this method so long as I get good rain.

Looking good and great info poorcountrypreacher

Thanks PCP!

Very nice write up! Unfortunately for me, the lease I have now is covered up with hogs.

I haven't noticed any problem with mixing those 2 herbicides; some other combos don't work well.

If plants are yellow you need a soil test. Something isn't ideal and you won't know unless you test it. Good luck figuring it out.

I will give up growing them if we ever get hogs. They make your fields look like the moon.

Chufas were actually first brought to the US for farmers to grow for hog feed. I had some old extension service from the 30s telling how to grow them.

Hogs is why I quit trying to grow them. I have pictures of maybe 2 or 3 hogs a year passing through my lease. Though I figure having them one day is inevitable, I don't want to set the table for them. I've switched the chufa plots back to clover.

I have always looked to your posts for guidance on chufas. Thanks for providing us with more insight.

We have hogs regularly and they have not touched our chufa. Planted 9 fields this yr and not a hog in any of them

I have never grown chufas myself in hog country, but my father and uncle have done it. They didn't bother their chufas until they matured, and then they came in and just destroyed the fields. They dug holes deep enough that you could have turned a tractor over if you weren't careful. So the fall and winter will be the time that the hogs can come in and ruin your chufas. Ben, I think you have been lucky if you have hogs that time of year and they have never gotten into your chufas, and I hope it continues.

The old extension service pamphlet I saw advised farmers to mound up the rows like you would potatoes and then fence it and turn the hogs in after they matured. I have no idea how many farmers actually did it, but dealing with the aftermath would have kept me from doing that but once.

It's good to hear that some are able to grow chufas in hog country.

Ben I will have to agree with Mr. Steve! You have been extremely lucky that hogs have not got into your chufas. The 8 patches I planted on the club our first year got destroyed one plot at a time until they were all gone. That was the last time I attempted to plant them over there.

I planted 8 acres of Chufa one year, on my turkey lease in Barbour county. They didn’t have hogs, but would occasionally get one on a trail camera over corn. Like individual hogs 2-3x a year on camera. By turkey season, every inch of those chufa patches looked like the crater of the moon. Some holes were rooted 3’ deep. Obviously didn’t plant them again, and the hogs mostly disappeared within a few months.

Thanks for the right up PCP. I’m learning as I go with the Chufa plots. I put a couple fields in with a planter and 1 by broadcasting, both are doing well but the ones with the planter have a much better yield.
I’m planning to spray this week.

I’ve got a question, we get Johnson grass bad in one of our chufa plots. Will those herbicides kill it as well?

You could use some sort of wicking device to apply gly to the Johnson grass and not the chufa. I know a guy with a beautiful field of bermuda he does this to. He said it will usually take two applications to get rid of the johnson grass.

Clethodim

Yes, the Clethodim will keep it under control enough to make your chufa crop. If you have a well established Johnson grass stand in the field I don't think you are going to get completely rid of it with a single application each year. The roots are going to sprout enough after the chufas make to stay alive, and they will be ready to take off again the next year.

There are better herbicides to try to eradicate it, but I can't remember the name. You would probably need to not try to grow chufas for a couple of years and focus on eradication if you want to ever be rid of it.

Thanks so much for the response. I’ll just use Clethodim this year and hit the Johnson grass hard next.

For the benefit of those who have never grown chufas and would like to see how fast they grow, I will try to put up a picture about once a week. I took this one yesterday, July 20, which is 2 weeks after spraying them. You can see they have grown since the last picture, and it's also worth noticing that the tire tracks from the spraying are starting to disappear.

I think the plants are a little too thick in this field, but that's better than not being thick enough. Turkeys are already scratching some of them up, so there must be a few small tubers on them.

Looking good! All this rain is really making mine grow well!

We tried a couple of small patches of chufa on our club about 5 years ago. Everything was perfect. Got good rain. Not a single plant germinated. I assume we got bad seed.

I made a picture of the plot yesterday, and this is what it looks like now:



It's been right at 90 days since planting, and the tops of about half the chufa plants have turned brown and are done producing. It looks like they made a decent crop and turkeys are already using the patch daily. A lot of places look like this:




No doubt that the turkeys have damaged a lot of plants by digging them up when they first put on tubers. That's one of the downsides of having a small plot and having it in the same spot for 5 consecutive years. I would need to move it, but it's all that I have here.

I can blame the turkeys for some of the damage, but there are also plants with dead tops that the turkeys haven't touched. I have blamed this on the poor Coosa county soil in the past. At 90 days, my plots in Perry county are still green and growing, and they usually don't start dying until the 110 day mark. That last 20 days is when they really produce a lot of chufas, but that doesn't happen here. It is possible that some of it is insect damage, but I don't see any evidence of that. The little plot will still produce a lot of chufas; it's just disappointing that it dies out so soon.

You can see that there is a lot of crabgrass that has grown a lot in the past couple of weeks. It's normal to see that after 90 days, and I don't think it significantly reduces the yield. The chufas were much bigger than the crabgrass until they started dying down, so I don't think it would have been worth a second spraying.

Any of you other growers have issues with your plants dying out this early?

We plant about 250 lbs worth within a couple days of each other Mr. Steve. I’ve noticed the patches in the lower, more wet areas turn brown before the ones that drain better.

I checked some of mine yesterday and a lot of them are turning brown and the weeds are terrible but I never got a chance to spray them. I think they still made a pretty good crop

Thanks for the info. That could be part of the issue here, as the upper part of the patch is still green. There has definitely been a lot more rain than needed this year, so could have made it worse.

Guess that is Coosa county soil too? They definitely live longer on my Perry county land.

No sir, they’re in tallapoosa and clay county and it’s not ideal soil either

Yeah, in general I think Clay has even worse soil than Coosa. K Bush, they are already digging your's up too. You are down in the Land of Plenty. None of my turkeys would ever walk off and leave chufas lying on the ground like that.

Staged photo. I had pulled up a plant to see how the production was and dropped those by the tracks for a pic. Lots of scratching though.

This thread has taught me that I do not have Nutsedge..........I have "Poor Man's Chufa"......


BTW.......It's dying too.

. I suspected it might have been staged. I don't think many will walk off and leave an easy bite like that.

I don’t see how they have time to scratch in the Chufa, they’ve been to busy destroying my Millet.

Ours appear to have begun turning brown. We planted on memorial day so I assume they made and are just dont growing??

Seems like it is about time for that to happen. I'm not sure what all affects their life length, but somewhere in the 90 to 120 day period the tops start to die. It could be related to day length, but I have noticed that chufas planted later in the year seem to grow right up until cold weather, so that might not be a factor.

I have never seen a year when a flock of turkeys decimated a chufa patch early in the year the way these have. I sprayed the little patch with gly a few weeks ago to kill the crabgrass, and there is hardly a place left where turkeys haven't dug for chufas. I made this pic a few days ago:

screen shot on pc

I also put out 10 lbs of a mixture of crimson and arrowleaf clover just before a rain. That's a rate of 40 lbs an acre, and is way more than I would normally plant. I used such a heavy rate because I know that most of it is gonna be dug up by the turkeys scratching for chufas. But some of it should survive on through the spring and make the plot a little more attractive. I would rather grow clover on adjacent ground, but that isn't an option for me here.

There were 2 hens in the area who hatched over 20 poults between them, but only 3 survived. Another hen eventually joined up with them, and that group is out there daily.

They haven’t gotten into mine yet, I’m seeing turkeys around but apparently they haven’t found them yet

Ours have just now melted down enough that the turkeys are comfortable going out in them.

When I have time I like to burn my chufa plots off, the turkeys really like it too.

I've had some folks ask me chufa related questions lately, so I thought I would bump this thread and also add a current picture of the plot:



Turkeys used the plot extensively until early January, and then it went through a period of little usage. I think part of the reason for that is that they have almost unlimited amounts of corn in the area from deer feeders. This soil also tends to get very hard in the winter. The fact that I had a solid stand of clover also might have discouraged the turkeys from digging chufas

At any rate, I took the tractor and started discing strips to regenerate the plot in March. I tried to disc about 1/3 of the plot each time. I disced it lightly, and some of the clover would survive. Turkeys immediately started using the disced areas to dig chufas, and of course there was always plenty of clover. All of the field has had it's first discing now, but you can see that there is also plenty of clover growing. Turkeys are still using it daily, and I actually ran this hen out when I walked down there to take a picture:




I think the patch in this stage really helps the nesting hens. They can leave the nest for their daily feeding trips and quickly dig a few chufas and scarf down all the clover they can hold. The clover is still thick enough that it should also be attractive as one of the first places they take the newly hatched poults. I think I am gonna hold off on the second discing and leave the field as is for the next few weeks. Whether I do a second discing or not, I will plan to do the final work around the first of June and then start the cycle over again.

I have been surprised by how much the turkeys have benefitted from a 1/4 acre plot. It's no doubt better to plant a bigger field, but even a small one can receive a lot of usage.

I thought they had eaten all mine but they’re still scratching in 3 of my chufa plots, they are really hammering my clover fields